Job Study Guide

Meeting Job (Job I)

Response to Loss

Erupting I (Job 3)

Erupting II (Job 3)

Friendship I (4-6)

Friendship II (5-6)

Oppressed (6)

Lamenting (7)

Am I the Sea? (7)

Bildad (8)

Job's Dilemma (9)

Despair (9:21-22)

Despair II (9:21-22)

Three "Ifs" (9)

Gloves Off (10)

Job Finishes I (10)

Job Finishes II (10)

Zophar (11)

Overview 12-14

Job 12

Approaching God

Approaching God II

Job 14:1-12

Job 14:13-22

Eliphaz II (15)

15:17-35

Hammering (16)

Hammering II (16)

Hopelessness (17)

Bildad Again (18)

Bildad Again II (18)

Job Speaks (19)

Redeemer (19)

Zophar II (20)

Job Again (21)

Eliphaz Again (22)

Job Speaks (23)

God's Absence (24)

Bildad Ends (25)

Job's Cynicism (26)

Job Finishes (27)

Time Out! (28)

Job 29:1-10

Job 29:11-25

Shame (30:1-15)

To God (30:16-31)

Job's Oath (31)

Job's Oath II (31)

Elihu I (32)

Elihu II (33:1-18)

Elihu III (33:19-33)

Elihu IV (34)

Elihu V (35)

Elihu VI (36:1-15)

Elihu VII (36:15-23)

Elihu VIII (36-37)

Elihu and God

God I (38)

God II (39)

God III (40:1-14)

Behemoth/Leviathan

Leviathan (41)

42:1-6

42:7-9; Job is Right

42:10-17- Restored

Hammering on God II (Job 16:12-22)

Bill Long 2/2/05

It might be more accurate to title this chapter "Hammering on Job," since that is the way Job conceives God to be acting toward him. These verses continue the thoughts expressed in 16:6-11 and the cumulative weight of the language is breathtaking. I confess that I cannot read this chapter, and especially these verses, without being profoundly moved. The sheer brutality of the images overwhelms my senses and I ask myself, "What is happening inside of Job that he could articulate such wrenching, horrible and visceral images?" What do you think?

David Clines, in his commentary on Job, points out that the coherence of Job's earlier speeches seems to be lost here in 16-17. He says that this is the "most disjointed" of Job's speeches (p. 377)." He also goes on to claim that "Job has nothing novel to say" in this passage and "essentially waits for God's reply (Ibid.)." I think Clines is incorrect. He is correct insofar as some of 16-17 is very hard to follow and doesn't flow as smoothly as the earlier passages, especially 12-14. But, I believe that the "nothing novel to say" line isn't right. Job develops and refines ideas he mentioned earlier, especially the concept of a witness in heaven (16:19) and uses much more vivid language than ever before to characterize God's assault on him. Never is Job so emotionally fragile as in these two chapters. This possibly helps explain the wandering character of his mind as well as the violent imagery of the language. Let's turn to it now.

Job 16:12-17

"12 I was at ease, and he broke me in two; he seized me by the neck and dashed me to pieces; he set me up as his target; 13 his archers surround me. He slashes open my kidneys, and shows no mercy; he pours out my gall on the ground. 14 He bursts upon me again and again; he rushes at me like a warrior. 15 I have sewed sackcloth upon my skin, and have laid my strength in the dust. 16 My face is red with weeping, and deep darkness is on my eyelids, 17 though there is no violence in my hands, and my prayer is pure."

A. What is the overall impression you receive about Job (and God) after reading these verses aloud?

B. How was Job "at ease?" The word may also be translated as "quiet" or "untroubled." How would you describe your "pre-distress" life?

C. Note the first image used: "he broke me in two." Job is now a fractured man and not a man of wholeness. Contrast the language here with that in 1:1 describing Job. Is the language of fracturing a helpful image to describe what has come upon Job? What other one might you use?

D. I will give a number of verbs now that capture Job's self-description. He feels "fractured" (or "shattered"). He is "smashed" (or "dashed in pieces"). He is "pierced" and "slashed" by the divine arrows. His inner life forces are "poured out." He is "terrorized" (my translation) by God. The overall picture is of God as a fierce warrior attacking Job, but the individual images sort of fade into each other, like frames of a movie fade into the next. So, how is Job smashed or dashed in piecess? Shattered? Slashed? Pierced? Compare Job's words in 6:4. What is it like to see your vital forces gushing forth from you?

E. Especially poignant for me is v. 14. We get the impression of a person constantly beset. He may try to gain some respite, but then God bursts in again and again. Look at the image in Amos 5:18-19--especially the one about running from a lion and meeting a bear. It is the notion of unexpected and unpredictable interruption that Job talks about. Compare this image to Job's words in 7:14-19. What is it like to be set upon in this way?

E. How do vv. 15-17 fit into the flow of vv. 12-14?

F. Is Job being disingenuous in these verses? What is he really trying to say? Are you tired of hearing Job continue to highlight his innocence and purity or do you admire people who, believing they are innocent and don't give up on their "integrity?"

16:18-22

"18 O earth, do not cover my blood; let my outcry find no resting place. 19 Even now, in fact, my witness is in heaven, and he that vouches for me is on high. 20 My friends scorn me; my eye pours out tears to God, 21 that he would maintain the right of a mortal with God, as one does for a neighbor. 22 For when a few years have come, I shall go the way from which I shall not return."

A. Describe the change in Job's mental state between v. 17 and v. 18. What is to account for it?

B. The image of blood crying from the ground goes back to the story of Cain and Abel in Gen. 4. What is meant by the phrase "do not cover my blood"?

C. I see 16:19 as one of a series of reflections on hope, where Job's ideas gradually gain steam over the course of the Book of Job. That is, 9:33 expressed a longing for hope (an arbitrator), but Job quashed this idea before it developed. Then, in ch. 14, he allows himself to linger longer on the idea of hope before dimissing it once again. Now, in 16:19, hope seems to come into focus again. What is Job's hope here?

D. Who is the witness in heaven? Is it God? The testimony of Job's lips? A "third person" (that is, not Job and not God)? Is Job's creativity on hope at any way related to the vigorous and utterly hopeless language of earlier in the chapter?

E. Vv. 20-21 are difficult to understand. V. 22 seems to return to the theme we have seen many times--of Job's desire for or expectation of death. What do you feel about Job and his mental condition/spiritual awareness as chapter 16 closes?

Concluding Thought

I see these words as part of the "case" Job is developing against God (13:18). The more I study the Book of Job the more I see it as a series of fits and starts. What I mean by that is that Job will introduce an idea early on but then not develop it. Some of the ideas might just be too overwhelming at first, such as his interest in cultivating a hope for a better future. But many of the ideas come back to him and receive fuller treatment as the book wears on. I guess I look at these chapters as filling out an earlier picture, to be sure, but doing so with maturity and verbal insight and literary power that the earlier verses and chapters might not have had. Job is adamant that he is pure and upright. He will not back down from that. Nothing that he has done "deserves" this kind of treatment. God, he feels, is having a very very bad series of days. Job believes that he will be vindicated and now he believes he has some kind of witness who will help him out. This vibrant hope will clash with his numbing grief in ch. 17, to which we now turn.



Copyright © 2004-2007 William R. Long