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Job Study Guide

Meeting Job (Job I)

Response to Loss

Erupting I (Job 3)

Erupting II (Job 3)

Friendship I (4-6)

Friendship II (5-6)

Oppressed (6)

Lamenting (7)

Am I the Sea? (7)

Bildad (8)

Job's Dilemma (9)

Despair (9:21-22)

Despair II (9:21-22)

Three "Ifs" (9)

Gloves Off (10)

Job Finishes I (10)

Job Finishes II (10)

Zophar (11)

Overview 12-14

Job 12

Approaching God

Approaching God II

Job 14:1-12

Job 14:13-22

Eliphaz II (15)

15:17-35

Hammering (16)

Hammering II (16)

Hopelessness (17)

Bildad Again (18)

Bildad Again II (18)

Job Speaks (19)

Redeemer (19)

Zophar II (20)

Job Again (21)

Eliphaz Again (22)

Job Speaks (23)

God's Absence (24)

Bildad Ends (25)

Job's Cynicism (26)

Job Finishes (27)

Time Out! (28)

Job 29:1-10

Job 29:11-25

Shame (30:1-15)

To God (30:16-31)

Job's Oath (31)

Job's Oath II (31)

Elihu I (32)

Elihu II (33:1-18)

Elihu III (33:19-33)

Elihu IV (34)

Elihu V (35)

Elihu VI (36:1-15)

Elihu VII (36:15-23)

Elihu VIII (36-37)

Elihu and God

God I (38)

God II (39)

God III (40:1-14)

Behemoth/Leviathan

Leviathan (41)

42:1-6

42:7-9; Job is Right

42:10-17- Restored

Approaching God II

Bill Long 1/27/05

Job 13:20-28

Job has realized that his approach to God in a defiant frame of mind is risky indeed. He will "take" his "flesh in his teeth" (13:14) and approach God. Caution is hurled to the winds as Job fearlessly presents his case. Indeed, we should recognize 13:20-28 as part of the "case" Job is presenting against God. But when we really examine that case, what we find is not so much a defiant, brazen and uncompromising Job but a vulnerable, worried and sad person who longs more for relationship with God than for vindication in a court of justice. This study today will highlight the mixture of legal determination and personal vulnerability that makes Job an interesting person for me.

We can divide this section into four sub-sections based on the "flow" of Job's words. They are: (1) Job's Two Preconditions for Lawsuit (vv.20-21); (2) The Rules of the Encounter (v.22); (3) Job's Questioning Examination of God (vv.23-25) and (4) Job's Vulnerability (vv.26-28). Care with each verse will open the text nicely for us.

13:20-21

"20 Only grant two things to me, then I will not hide myself from your face: 21 withdraw your hand far from me, and do not let dread of you terrify me."

A. What are the two preconditions Job sets out in order for trial to go forward? What is the difference between the two? Some scholars suggest that "withdraw your hand" means that Job requests God not to continue to inflict further ills upon him. What are your thoughts?

B. Job's second request is identically worded to Job's words in 9:34, where Job has just expressed his frustration that there was no arbitrator between God and him. Are the thoughts used in the same way or different way in the two contexts?

C. In law an injunction is what is referred to as an equitable action in which someone asks the court to compel the other side to stop doing what they are doing right now because s/he (the person complaining) is being irreparably (and unjustly) harmed by the other party's actions. Is that what Job is requesting?

13:22

"22 Then call, and I will answer; or let me speak, and you reply to me."

A. What is the "courtroom procedure" that Job envisions?

B. The combination of "call and answer" also appears in 12:4 and 14:15. Both of those contexts are more "covenantal" than "legal." All three speak of Job's approach to God, however. Are legal (i.e., "call and answer" in a lawsuit) and relational (i.e., "call and answer" in prayer) at opposite ends of the speaking spectrum with respect to God or are they closer than one might expect?

C. Is Job's lawsuit an act of defiance or possibly an act of true faith?

13:23-25

"23 How many are my iniquities and my sins? Make me know my transgression and my sin. 24 Why do you hide your face, and count me as your enemy? 25 Will you frighten a windblown leaf and pursue dry chaff?"

A. Is verse 23 a real or a rhetorical question? That is, Job asked the friends to show him how he had sinned in 6:24. Is the argument here that the friends couldn't show this and so Job now "moves up the line" to ask God the same question? Or, is it really a statement Job is making (i.e., 'You can't show me my iniquities)?

B. Even if verse 23 is a rhetorical question, what is Job really interested in learning from God?

C. Job seemingly has more hope in a legal process in these verses than he did in ch. 9. There, he says, "If I summoned him and he answered me, I do not believe that he would listen to my voice (9:16)." Do you agree with my assertion? And, if so, to what do you attribute this greater confidence?

D. Verse 24 is the real nub of Job's lawsuit, his case in a nutshell, so to speak. What do you "hear" in Job's question? Describe some of Job's psychological struggles that are behind this question.

E. How does Job now feel when he asks the question in verse 25?

Job 13:26-28

"26 For you write bitter things against me, and make me reap the iniquities of my youth. 27 You put my feet in the stocks, and watch all my paths; you set a bound to the soles of my feet. 28 One wastes away like a rotten thing, like a garment that is moth-eaten."

A. What bitter things has God written against Job?

B. Verse 27 seems to contain an inner contradiction. If Job's feet are in the stocks, he has no paths to watch. How do you handle these contrary metaphors?

C. By the end of the chapter it seems like the image of trial is fading away for Job. Why do you think that is the case? What replaces it?

D. Do you see verse 28 as reflective of Job's mental condition at this time? Why does he put it in the 3rd person and not the 1st?

Concluding Thought

This passage functions as a transition to one of Job's most powerful poems, Job 14. But he only gets to Job 14 because he has met the friends in their theology, shown its inadequacy and then tried his own approach to God. The metaphor of approach to God as trial is one that he first explored in ch. 9 and still resonates very strongly with him. As a matter of fact it will be with him until his last words in Job 31. But, he undermines the concept of trial even as he introduces it, doesn't he? Job is such a confused and eloquent man, so deeply intellectual and so fully showing us his feelings. At the end of ch. 13, however, he is just a little bit weary.



Copyright © 2004-2007 William R. Long